The great Sun Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the solar deity Surya, located at Modhera in India. It is situated on the bank of the river Pushpavati. It was built in 1026-27 CE during the reign of Bhima I of the Chalukya dynasty. This great temple was destroyed by the iconoclastic Muslim invader Mahmud of Ghazni from Afghanistan and no worship has been offered here thereafter. The shrine had two cells; a cell below the level of the upper cell. The floor of the upper cell is now fallen which once housed the image of a deity. The doorway has carved figures of seated Surya in panels surrounded by dancers . All figures were mutilated and the images on the door-lintel completely destroyed. The seat of the image of Surya is now in a pit thrown there by Mahmud and his army.
It is now protected monument maintained by Archaeological Survey of India.
The sanctum sanctorum is designed in a way that the first rays of rising sun lit up the image of Surya during solar equinox days and on the day of the summer solstice, the sun shines directly above the temple at noon casting no shadow.
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